Influenza A(H1N1) (Swine Flu)
Frequently Asked Questions about Influenza A (H1N1) (also known as Swine Flu)
What is Influenza A (H1N1) (Swine Flu)?Influenza A (H1N1) is caused by a new flu virus that was first reported in Mexico and in the United States in March and April 2009. Influenza A (H1N1) spreads from person to person in the same way that regular seasonal influenza viruses spread. It was originally referred to as swine flu because initial laboratory tests showed it to be very similar to a virus that caused flu in pigs. However, further study has shown that this virus is very different to that which normally circulates in pigs.
What are the signs and symptoms of Infection?The signs and symptoms of Influenza A (H1N1) are like those of the seasonal flu, they include fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue. A significant number of people who have been infected with this virus have also reported diarrhea and vomiting. Severe illnesses and death has occurred as a result of illness associated with this virus.
How long is an infected person infectious?People infected with Influenza A (H1N1) may be able to infect others from 1 day before getting sick and up to 5 - 7 days after. The infectious period may be even longer in some people, especially children and those with weakened immune systems.
How severe is the illness associated with Influenza A (H1N1)?The severity of the illness ranges from very mild symptoms to severe illnesses that can result in death. The majority of people who contract the virus experience the milder disease and recover without antiviral treatment or medical care. Of the more serious cases, more than half of hospitalized people had underlying health conditions or weak immune systems.
What can I do to protect myself from catching Influenza A (H1N1)?The following measures are recommended by WHO in order to protect oneself from Influenza A (H1N1). These preventive measures are the same as for seasonal influenza. You can prevent infection by avoiding close contact with people who show influenza-like symptoms (trying to maintain a distance of about 1 meter if possible) and taking the following measures:
Avoid touching your mouth and nose
Clean hands thoroughly with soap and water, or cleanse them with an alcohol-based hand rub on a regular basis (especially if touching the mouth and nose, or surfaces that are potentially contaminated)
Avoid close contact with people who might be ill
Reduce the time spent in crowded settings if possible
Improve airflow in your living space by opening windows
Practice good health habits including adequate sleep, eating nutritious food, and keeping physically active
What about using a mask?WHO recommends not wearing a mask if you are not sick. If you are caring for a sick person, you can wear a mask when you are in close contact with the ill person and dispose of it immediately after contact. Cleanse your hands thoroughly afterwards. If you are sick and must travel or be around others, cover your mouth and nose. Using a mask correctly in all situations is essential, because incorrect use actually increases the chance of spreading infection.
What should I do if I think I have the illness?
Stay at home and keep away from work, school or crowds as much as possible
Rest and take plenty of fluids.
Cover your mouth and nose with disposable tissues when coughing and sneezing and dispose of the used tissues properly
Wash hands with soap and water frequently and thoroughly, especially after coughing or sneezing
Inform family and friends about your illness and seek help for household chores that require contact with other people(such as shopping)
When should someone seek medical care?A person should seek medical care if they experience shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, or if a fever continues more than three days. For parents with a young child who is ill, seek medical care if a child has fast or labored breathing, continuing fever or convulsions (seizures).
Is there a vaccine for Influenza A (H1N1)?There is no vaccine available right now to protect against Influenza A (H1N1) virus. However, a vaccine is currently in production and may be ready for the public in the upcoming months.
If you need medical attention:
Contact your doctor or healthcare provider and strictly follow the advice given to you for care.
If it is not possible to contact your healthcare provider in advance, communicate your suspicion of having influenza A (H1N1) immediately upon arrival at the healthcare facility.
Take care to cover your nose and mouth during travel.
Source:WHO http://www.who.int/
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